Tutorial: Confluent Cloud CLI

Overview

This tutorial shows you how to use the Confluent Cloud CLI to interact with your Confluent Cloud cluster. It uses real resources in Confluent Cloud, and it creates and deletes topics, service accounts, credentials, and ACLs. Following the workflow in this tutorial, you accomplish the following steps:

• Create a new Confluent Cloud environment
• Create a new Confluent Cloud cluster
• Create a new API key/secret pair for user
• Produce and consume records with Confluent Cloud CLI
• Create a new service account with an API key/secret pair
• Run a Java producer without ACLs
• Run a Java producer with ACLs
• Run a Java producer with a prefixed ACL
• Run a fully managed Confluent Cloud connector
• Run a Java consumer with a Wildcard ACL
• Clean up Confluent Cloud resources

Prerequisites

• Access to Confluent Cloud.
• Local install of Confluent Cloud CLI (v1.21.0 or later)
• timeout: used by the bash scripts to terminate a consumer process after a certain period of time. timeout is available on most Linux distributions but not on macOS. macOS users should view the installation instructions for macOS.
• mvn installed on your host
• jq installed on your host

Cost to Run Tutorial

Caution

Any Confluent Cloud example uses real Confluent Cloud resources that may be billable. An example may create a new Confluent Cloud environment, Kafka cluster, topics, ACLs, and service accounts, as well as resources that have hourly charges like connectors and ksqlDB applications. To avoid unexpected charges, carefully evaluate the cost of resources before you start. After you are done running a Confluent Cloud example, destroy all Confluent Cloud resources to avoid accruing hourly charges for services and verify that they have been deleted.

Confluent Cloud Promo Code

To receive an additional $50 free usage in Confluent Cloud, enter promo code C50INTEG in the Confluent Cloud UI Billing and payment section (details). This promo code should sufficiently cover up to one day of running this Confluent Cloud example, beyond which you may be billed for the services that have an hourly charge until you destroy the Confluent Cloud resources created by this example.

Run Tutorial

Start

1. Log in to the Confluent Cloud CLI:

   ccloud login --save
   

   The --save flag will save your Confluent Cloud login credentials to the ~/.netrc file.

2. Clone the confluentinc/examples GitHub repository.

   git clone https://github.com/confluentinc/examples.git
   

3. Navigate to the examples/ccloud/beginner-cloud/ directory and switch to the Confluent Platform release branch:

   cd examples/ccloud/beginner-cloud/
   git checkout 6.1.0-post
   

4. If you want to manually step through the tutorial, which is advised for new users who want to gain familiarity with Confluent Cloud CLI, skip ahead to the next section. Alternatively, you can run the full tutorial end-to-end with the start.sh script, which automates all the steps in the tutorial:

   ./start.sh
   

Create a new Confluent Cloud environment

1. Run the following command to create a new Confluent Cloud environment ccloud-stack-000000-beginner-cli:

   ccloud environment create ccloud-stack-000000-beginner-cli -o json
   

2. Verify your output resembles:

   {
     "id": "env-5qz2q",
     "name": "ccloud-stack-000000-beginner-cli"
   }
   

   The value of the environment ID, in this case env-5qz2q, may differ in your output. In this tutorial, the values for certain variables, including your environment ID, Kafka cluster ID, API key, will be unique and will not match the output shown.

3. Specify env-5qz2q as the active environment by running the following command:

   ccloud environment use env-5qz2q
   

4. Verify your output resembles:

   Now using "env-5qz2q" as the default (active) environment.
   

Create a new Confluent Cloud cluster

1. Run the following command to create a new Confluent Cloud cluster demo-kafka-cluster. It takes up to 5 minutes for the Kafka cluster to be ready.

   ccloud kafka cluster create demo-kafka-cluster --cloud aws --region us-west-2
   

   Tip

   You may choose any provider or region from the list generated by running ccloud kafka region list.

2. Verify your output resembles:

   +--------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
   | Id           | lkc-x6m01                                               |
   | Name         | demo-kafka-cluster                                      |
   | Type         | BASIC                                                   |
   | Ingress      |                                                     100 |
   | Egress       |                                                     100 |
   | Storage      |                                                    5000 |
   | Provider     | aws                                                     |
   | Availability | single-zone                                             |
   | Region       | us-west-2                                               |
   | Status       | UP                                                      |
   | Endpoint     | SASL_SSL://pkc-4kgmg.us-west-2.aws.confluent.cloud:9092 |
   | ApiEndpoint  | https://pkac-ldgj1.us-west-2.aws.confluent.cloud        |
   +--------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
   

   The value of the Kafka cluster ID, in this case lkc-x6m01, and Kafka cluster endpoint, in this case pkc-4kgmg.us-west-2.aws.confluent.cloud:9092, may differ in your output.

3. Specify lkc-x6m01 as the active Kafka cluster by running the following command:

   ccloud kafka cluster use lkc-x6m01
   

4. Verify your output resembles:

   Set Kafka cluster "lkc-x6m01" as the active cluster for environment "env-5qz2".
   

Create a new API key/secret pair for user

1. Run the following command to create a user API key/secret pair for your Kafka cluster lkc-x6m01:

   ccloud api-key create --description "Demo credentials" --resource lkc-x6m01 -o json
   

2. Verify your output resembles:

   {
      "key": "QX7X4VA4DFJTTOIA",
      "secret": "fjcDDyr0Nm84zZr77ku/AQqCKQOOmb35Ql68HQnb60VuU+xLKiu/n2UNQ0WYXp/D"
   }
   

   The value of the API key, in this case QX7X4VA4DFJTTOIA, and API secret, in this case fjcDDyr0Nm84zZr77ku/AQqCKQOOmb35Ql68HQnb60VuU+xLKiu/n2UNQ0WYXp/D may differ in your output.

3. Specify the API key QX7X4VA4DFJTTOIA for the Kafka cluster lkc-x6m01:

   ccloud api-key use QX7X4VA4DFJTTOIA --resource lkc-x6m01
   

   Your output should resemble:

   Set the API Key "QX7X4VA4DFJTTOIA" as the active API key for "lkc-x6m01".
   

Produce and consume records with Confluent Cloud CLI

1. Run the following command to create a new Kafka topic demo-topic-1:

   ccloud kafka topic create demo-topic-1
   

2. Start producing to this topic demo-topic-1 by running the following command:

   ccloud kafka topic produce demo-topic-1
   

3. The CLI waits for you to type data at the prompt, so type a few characters each on a new line. For example, type the numbers 1 through 5:

   1
   2
   3
   4
   5
   

4. Type <CTRL-C> when you are finished.

5. Run the following command to consume messages from topic demo-topic-1. The flag -b allows the consumer to read from the beginning of the topic.

   ccloud kafka topic consume demo-topic-1 -b
   

6. Verify your output resembles the following. It is expected to be out of order because of round-robin partitioner:

   Starting Kafka Consumer. ^C or ^D to exit
   1
   3
   5
   2
   4
   

7. Type CTRL-C to stop the consumer.

Create a new service account with an API key/secret pair

1. Run the following command to create a new service account:

   ccloud service-account create demo-app-3288 --description demo-app-3288 -o json
   

2. Verify your output resembles:

   {
      "id": 104349,
      "name": "demo-app-3288",
      "description": "demo-app-3288"
   }
   

   The value of the service account ID, in this case 104349, may differ in your output.

3. Create an API key and secret for the service account 104349 for the Kafka cluster lkc-x6m01 by running the following command:

   ccloud api-key create --service-account 104349 --resource lkc-x6m01 -o json
   

4. Verify your output resembles:

   {
     "key": "ESN5FSNDHOFFSUEV",
     "secret": "nzBEyC1k7zfLvVON3vhBMQrNRjJR7pdMc2WLVyyPscBhYHkMwP6VpPVDTqhctamB"
   }
   

   The value of the service account’s API key, in this case ESN5FSNDHOFFSUEV, and API secret, in this case nzBEyC1k7zfLvVON3vhBMQrNRjJR7pdMc2WLVyyPscBhYHkMwP6VpPVDTqhctamB, may differ in your output.

5. Create a local configuration file /tmp/client.config with Confluent Cloud connection information using the newly created Kafka cluster and the API key and secret for the service account. Substitute your values for the bootstrap server and credentials just created.

   sasl.mechanism=PLAIN
   security.protocol=SASL_SSL
   bootstrap.servers=pkc-4kgmg.us-west-2.aws.confluent.cloud:9092
   sasl.jaas.config=org.apache.kafka.common.security.plain.PlainLoginModule required username='ESN5FSNDHOFFSUEV' password='nzBEyC1k7zfLvVON3vhBMQrNRjJR7pdMc2WLVyyPscBhYHkMwP6VpPVDTqhctamB';
   

6. Wait about 90 seconds for the Confluent Cloud cluster to be ready and for the service account credentials to propagate.

Run a Java producer without ACLs

1. By default, no ACLs are configured for the service account, which means the service account has no access to any Confluent Cloud resources. Run the following command to verify no ACLs are configured:

   ccloud kafka acl list --service-account 104349
   

   Your output should resemble:

     ServiceAccountId | Permission | Operation | Resource | Name | Type
   +------------------+------------+-----------+----------+------+------+
   

2. Compile the Java project at clients/cloud/java

   mvn  -f ../../clients/cloud/java/pom.xml compile
   

3. Run a Java producer to demo-topic-1 before configuring ACLs (expected to fail). Note that you pass in an argument to /tmp/client.config which has the Confluent Cloud connection information:

   mvn -q -f ../../clients/cloud/java/pom.xml exec:java -Dexec.mainClass="io.confluent.examples.clients.cloud.ProducerExample" -Dexec.args="/tmp/client.config demo-topic-1" -Dlog4j.configuration=file:log4j.properties > /tmp/log.1 2>&1
   

4. Verify you see org.apache.kafka.common.errors.TopicAuthorizationException in the log file /tmp/log.1 as shown in the following example (expected because there are no ACLs to allow this client application):

   [ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.codehaus.mojo:exec-maven-plugin:1.2.1:java (default-cli) on project clients-example: An exception occured while executing the Java class. null: InvocationTargetException: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.kafka.common.errors.TopicAuthorizationException: Authorization failed. -> [Help 1]
   

Run a Java producer with ACLs

1. Run the following commands to create ACLs for the service account:

   ccloud kafka acl create --allow --service-account 104349 --operation CREATE --topic demo-topic-1
   ccloud kafka acl create --allow --service-account 104349 --operation WRITE --topic demo-topic-1
   

2. Verify your output resembles:

     ServiceAccountId | Permission | Operation | Resource |     Name     |  Type
   +------------------+------------+-----------+----------+--------------+---------+
     User:104349      | ALLOW      | CREATE    | TOPIC    | demo-topic-1 | LITERAL
   
     ServiceAccountId | Permission | Operation | Resource |     Name     |  Type
   +------------------+------------+-----------+----------+--------------+---------+
     User:104349      | ALLOW      | WRITE     | TOPIC    | demo-topic-1 | LITERAL
   

3. Run the following command and verify the ACLs were configured:

   ccloud kafka acl list --service-account 104349
   

   Your output should resemble below. Observe that the ACL Type is LITERAL.

     ServiceAccountId | Permission | Operation | Resource |     Name     |  Type
   +------------------+------------+-----------+----------+--------------+---------+
     User:104349      | ALLOW      | CREATE    | TOPIC    | demo-topic-1 | LITERAL
     User:104349      | ALLOW      | WRITE     | TOPIC    | demo-topic-1 | LITERAL
   

4. Run the Java producer to demo-topic-1 after configuring the ACLs (expected to pass):

   mvn -q -f ../../clients/cloud/java/pom.xml exec:java -Dexec.mainClass="io.confluent.examples.clients.cloud.ProducerExample" -Dexec.args="/tmp/client.config demo-topic-1" -Dlog4j.configuration=file:log4j.properties > /tmp/log.2 2>&1
   

5. Verify you see the 10 messages were produced to topic message in the log file /tmp/log.2 as shown in the following example:

   Producing record: alice        {"count":0}
   Producing record: alice        {"count":1}
   Producing record: alice        {"count":2}
   Producing record: alice        {"count":3}
   Producing record: alice        {"count":4}
   Producing record: alice        {"count":5}
   Producing record: alice        {"count":6}
   Producing record: alice        {"count":7}
   Producing record: alice        {"count":8}
   Producing record: alice        {"count":9}
   Produced record to topic demo-topic-1 partition [3] @ offset 0
   Produced record to topic demo-topic-1 partition [3] @ offset 1
   Produced record to topic demo-topic-1 partition [3] @ offset 2
   Produced record to topic demo-topic-1 partition [3] @ offset 3
   Produced record to topic demo-topic-1 partition [3] @ offset 4
   Produced record to topic demo-topic-1 partition [3] @ offset 5
   Produced record to topic demo-topic-1 partition [3] @ offset 6
   Produced record to topic demo-topic-1 partition [3] @ offset 7
   Produced record to topic demo-topic-1 partition [3] @ offset 8
   Produced record to topic demo-topic-1 partition [3] @ offset 9
   10 messages were produced to topic demo-topic-1
   

6. Delete the ACLs:

   ccloud kafka acl delete --allow --service-account 104349 --operation CREATE --topic demo-topic-1
   ccloud kafka acl delete --allow --service-account 104349 --operation WRITE --topic demo-topic-1
   

   You should see two Deleted ACLs. messages.

Run a Java producer with a prefixed ACL

1. Create a new Kafka topic demo-topic-2:

   ccloud kafka topic create demo-topic-2
   

   Verify you see the Created topic "demo-topic-2" message.

2. Run the following command to create ACLs for the producer using a prefixed ACL which matches any topic that starts with the prefix demo-topic:

   ccloud kafka acl create --allow --service-account 104349 --operation CREATE --topic demo-topic --prefix
   ccloud kafka acl create --allow --service-account 104349 --operation WRITE --topic demo-topic --prefix
   

3. Verify your output resembles:

   ServiceAccountId | Permission | Operation | Resource |    Name    |   Type
   +------------------+------------+-----------+----------+------------+----------+
   User:104349      | ALLOW      | CREATE    | TOPIC    | demo-topic | PREFIXED
   
   ServiceAccountId | Permission | Operation | Resource |    Name    |   Type
   +------------------+------------+-----------+----------+------------+----------+
   User:104349      | ALLOW      | WRITE     | TOPIC    | demo-topic | PREFIXED
   

4. Verify the ACLs were configured by running the following command:

   ccloud kafka acl list --service-account 104349
   

   Your output should resemble below. Observe that the ACL Type is PREFIXED.

     ServiceAccountId | Permission | Operation | Resource |    Name    |   Type
   +------------------+------------+-----------+----------+------------+----------+
     User:104349      | ALLOW      | WRITE     | TOPIC    | demo-topic | PREFIXED
     User:104349      | ALLOW      | CREATE    | TOPIC    | demo-topic | PREFIXED
   

5. Run the Java producer to demo-topic-2, which should match the newly created prefixed ACLs.

   mvn -q -f ../../clients/cloud/java/pom.xml exec:java -Dexec.mainClass="io.confluent.examples.clients.cloud.ProducerExample" -Dexec.args="/tmp/client.config demo-topic-2" -Dlog4j.configuration=file:log4j.properties > /tmp/log.3 2>&1
   

6. Verify you see the 10 messages were produced to topic message in the log file /tmp/log.3 as shown in the following example:

   Producing record: alice   {"count":0}
   Producing record: alice   {"count":1}
   Producing record: alice   {"count":2}
   Producing record: alice   {"count":3}
   Producing record: alice   {"count":4}
   Producing record: alice   {"count":5}
   Producing record: alice   {"count":6}
   Producing record: alice   {"count":7}
   Producing record: alice   {"count":8}
   Producing record: alice   {"count":9}
   Produced record to topic demo-topic-2 partition [3] @ offset 0
   Produced record to topic demo-topic-2 partition [3] @ offset 1
   Produced record to topic demo-topic-2 partition [3] @ offset 2
   Produced record to topic demo-topic-2 partition [3] @ offset 3
   Produced record to topic demo-topic-2 partition [3] @ offset 4
   Produced record to topic demo-topic-2 partition [3] @ offset 5
   Produced record to topic demo-topic-2 partition [3] @ offset 6
   Produced record to topic demo-topic-2 partition [3] @ offset 7
   Produced record to topic demo-topic-2 partition [3] @ offset 8
   Produced record to topic demo-topic-2 partition [3] @ offset 9
   10 messages were produced to topic demo-topic-2
   

7. Run the following commands to delete ACLs:

   ccloud kafka acl delete --allow --service-account 104349 --operation CREATE --topic demo-topic --prefix
   ccloud kafka acl delete --allow --service-account 104349 --operation WRITE --topic demo-topic --prefix
   

   You should see two Deleted ACLs. messages.

Run a fully managed Confluent Cloud connector

1. Create a new Kafka topic demo-topic-3:

   ccloud kafka topic create demo-topic-3
   

   You should see a Created topic "demo-topic-3" message.

2. Run the following command to allow service account ID 104349 to write to any topic:

   ccloud kafka acl create --allow --service-account 104349 --operation WRITE --topic '*'
   

3. Verify your output resembles:

     ServiceAccountId | Permission | Operation | Resource | Name |  Type
   +------------------+------------+-----------+----------+------+---------+
     User:104349      | ALLOW      | WRITE     | TOPIC    | *    | LITERAL
   

4. Verify the ACLs were configured by running the following command:

   ccloud kafka acl list --service-account 104349
   

   Your output should resemble:

     ServiceAccountId | Permission | Operation | Resource |  Name   |  Type
   +------------------+------------+-----------+----------+---------+---------+
     User:104349      | ALLOW      | WRITE     | TOPIC    | *       | LITERAL
   

5. Create a local configuration file datagen_ccloud_pageviews.json with Confluent Cloud connection information. Substitute your API key and secret for the service account, in the kafka.api.key and kafka.api.secret fields. See below for an example:

   {
       "name" : "datagen_ccloud_pageviews",
       "connector.class": "DatagenSource",
       "kafka.api.key": "ESN5FSNDHOFFSUEV",
       "kafka.api.secret" : "nzBEyC1k7zfLvVON3vhBMQrNRjJR7pdMc2WLVyyPscBhYHkMwP6VpPVDTqhctamB",
       "kafka.topic" : "demo-topic-3",
       "output.data.format" : "JSON",
       "quickstart" : "PAGEVIEWS",
       "max.interval": "500",
       "iterations": "1000000000",
       "tasks.max" : "1"
   }
   

6. Create a managed connector in Confluent Cloud with the configuration file you made in the previous step using the following commands:

   ccloud connector create --config datagen_ccloud_pageviews.json
   

   Your output should resemble:

   Created connector datagen_ccloud_pageviews lcc-zno83
   

7. The connector may take up to 5 minutes to provision. Run the following command to check the connector status

   ccloud connector list
   

   Your output should resemble the following:

        ID     |           Name            |    Status    |  Type  | Trace
   +-----------+---------------------------+--------------+--------+-------+
     lcc-zno83 | datagen_ccloud_pageviews  | PROVISIONING | source |
   

   When the Status is RUNNING you may move on to the next step.

Run a Java consumer with a Wildcard ACL

1. Create ACLs for the consumer using a wildcard by running the following commands:

   ccloud kafka acl create --allow --service-account 104349 --operation READ --consumer-group demo-beginner-cloud-1
   ccloud kafka acl create --allow --service-account 104349 --operation READ --topic '*'
   

2. Verify your output resembles:

     ServiceAccountId | Permission | Operation | Resource |         Name          |  Type
   +------------------+------------+-----------+----------+-----------------------+---------+
     User:104349      | ALLOW      | READ      | GROUP    | demo-beginner-cloud-1 | LITERAL
   
     ServiceAccountId | Permission | Operation | Resource | Name |  Type
   +------------------+------------+-----------+----------+------+---------+
     User:104349      | ALLOW      | READ      | TOPIC    | *    | LITERAL
   

3. Verify the ACLs were configured by running the following command:

   ccloud kafka acl list --service-account 104349
   

   Your output should resemble:

     ServiceAccountId | Permission | Operation | Resource |         Name          |  Type
   +------------------+------------+-----------+----------+-----------------------+---------+
     User:104349      | ALLOW      | WRITE     | TOPIC    | *                     | LITERAL
     User:104349      | ALLOW      | READ      | TOPIC    | *                     | LITERAL
     User:104349      | ALLOW      | READ      | GROUP    | demo-beginner-cloud-1 | LITERAL
   

4. Run the Java consumer from demo-topic-3 which is populated by the datagen_ccloud_pageviews connector, and wait 15 seconds for it to complete.

   timeout 15s mvn -q -f ../../clients/cloud/java/pom.xml exec:java -Dexec.mainClass="io.confluent.examples.clients.cloud.ConsumerExamplePageviews" -Dexec.args="/tmp/client.config demo-topic-3" -Dlog4j.configuration=file:log4j.properties > /tmp/log.4 2>&1
   

5. Verify you see Consumed record with messages in the log file /tmp/log.4 as shown in the following example:

   Consumed record with key 71 and value {"viewtime":71,"userid":"User_6","pageid":"Page_11"}
   Consumed record with key 51 and value {"viewtime":51,"userid":"User_7","pageid":"Page_24"}
   Consumed record with key 31 and value {"viewtime":31,"userid":"User_7","pageid":"Page_68"}
   Consumed record with key 81 and value {"viewtime":81,"userid":"User_5","pageid":"Page_25"}
   Consumed record with key 41 and value {"viewtime":41,"userid":"User_2","pageid":"Page_88"}
   Consumed record with key 91 and value {"viewtime":91,"userid":"User_2","pageid":"Page_74"}
   

6. Delete the ACLs by running the following command:

   ccloud kafka acl delete --allow --service-account 104349 --operation READ --consumer-group demo-beginner-cloud-1
   ccloud kafka acl delete --allow --service-account 104349 --operation READ --topic '*'
   

   You should see two Deleted ACLs. messages.

7. Stop Docker:

   docker-compose down
   

8. Verify you see the following output:

   Stopping connect-cloud ... done
   Removing connect-cloud ... done
   Removing network beginner-cloud_default
   

9. Delete the ACLs:

   ccloud kafka acl delete --allow --service-account 104349 --operation WRITE --topic '*'
   

   You should see a Deleted ACLs. message after running each of the previous commands.

Clean up Confluent Cloud resources

1. Complete the following steps to delete the managed connector:

   1. Find the connector ID:

      ccloud connector list
      

      Which should display a something similar to below. Locate your connector ID, in this case the connector ID is lcc-zno83.

           ID     |           Name           | Status  |  Type  | Trace
      +-----------+--------------------------+---------+--------+-------+
        lcc-zno83 | datagen_ccloud_pageviews | RUNNING | source |
      

   2. Delete the connector, referencing the connector ID from the previous step:

      ccloud connector delete lcc-zno83
      

      You should see: Deleted connector "lcc-zno83"..

2. Run the following command to delete the service account:

   ccloud service-account delete 104349
   

3. Complete the following steps to delete all the Kafka topics:

   1. Delete demo-topic-1:

      ccloud kafka topic delete demo-topic-1
      

      You should see: Deleted topic "demo-topic-1".

   2. Delete demo-topic-2:

      ccloud kafka topic delete demo-topic-2
      

      You should see: Deleted topic "demo-topic-2".

   3. Delete demo-topic-3:

      ccloud kafka topic delete demo-topic-3
      

      You should see: Deleted topic "demo-topic-3".

4. Run the following commands to delete the API keys:

   ccloud api-key delete ESN5FSNDHOFFSUEV
   ccloud api-key delete QX7X4VA4DFJTTOIA
   

5. Delete the Kafka cluster:

   ccloud kafka cluster delete lkc-x6m01
   

6. Delete the environment:

   ccloud environment delete env-5qz2q
   

   You should see: Deleted environment "env-5qz2q".

If the tutorial ends prematurely, you may receive the following error message when trying to run the example again (ccloud environment create ccloud-stack-000000-beginner-cli):

Error: 1 error occurred:
   * error creating account: Account name is already in use

Failed to create environment ccloud-stack-000000-beginner-cli. Please troubleshoot and run again

In this case, run the following script to delete the example’s topics, Kafka cluster, and environment:

./cleanup.sh

Advanced usage

The example script provides variables that allow you to alter the default Kafka cluster name, cloud provider, and region. For example:

CLUSTER_NAME=my-demo-cluster CLUSTER_CLOUD=aws CLUSTER_REGION=us-west-2 ./start.sh

Here are the variables and their default values:

Variable	Default
CLUSTER_NAME	demo-kafka-cluster
CLUSTER_CLOUD	aws
CLUSTER_REGION	us-west-2

Additional Resources

• See Developing Client Applications on Confluent Cloud for a guide to configuring, monitoring, and optimizing your Kafka client applications when using Confluent Cloud.
• See other Confluent Cloud Examples.